Cross-Sensitivity Decoupling in Distributed Fiber Sensing of Electrical Current and Structural Vibration
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66857/jirt.v3i2.58Keywords:
Distributed fiber sensing, Cross-sensitivity decoupling, Magneto-optic effect, Phase-OTDRAbstract
Distributed fiber optic sensing has emerged as a cornerstone technology for the simultaneous monitoring of operational and structural parameters in modern power grid infrastructures. The capability to measure both electrical current and structural vibration continuously along a single optical fiber offers unprecedented advantages in situational awareness, fault localization, and asset management. However, the intrinsic cross-sensitivity of optical fibers to both magneto-optic and elasto-optic effects poses a significant challenge, often resulting in complex, intertwined signal responses that severely degrade measurement accuracy. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the mechanisms of cross-sensitivity between electrical current and structural vibration in distributed sensing architectures, primarily focusing on phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry integrated with polarimetric evaluations. By rigorously analyzing the physical origins of the Faraday rotation and the photoelastic effect, this research proposes a novel decoupling methodology that leverages advanced polarization state analysis and independent component extraction algorithms. Theoretical models are developed to quantify the coupling coefficients under various environmental conditions, and a multi-dimensional signal processing framework is introduced to isolate the respective measurands with high fidelity. The proposed approach is validated through extensive laboratory experiments and field-simulated trials, demonstrating a remarkable suppression of crosstalk and a significant enhancement in the spatial resolution and dynamic range of the dual-parameter sensor. The findings provide a robust theoretical and practical foundation for the next generation of smart grid monitoring systems, ensuring reliable and interference-free operation in complex, multi-physics environments.
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